diff --git a/src/cleveragents/application/services/plan_lifecycle_service.py b/src/cleveragents/application/services/plan_lifecycle_service.py
index 8cd9e8ad..ceaa0909 100644
--- a/src/cleveragents/application/services/plan_lifecycle_service.py
+++ b/src/cleveragents/application/services/plan_lifecycle_service.py
@@ -788,9 +788,8 @@ class PlanLifecycleService:
     ) -> list[Plan]:
         """List plans with optional filtering.
 
-        Returns plans from the in-memory cache. When persistence is
-        enabled the cache is populated during ``use_action`` and
-        ``get_plan`` calls.
+        Queries the database when persistence is enabled, falling back
+        to the in-memory cache otherwise.
 
         Args:
             namespace: Filter by namespace
@@ -800,7 +799,22 @@ class PlanLifecycleService:
         Returns:
             List of matching Plans
         """
-        plans = list(self._plans.values())
+        # Query the database when persistence is enabled so that plans
+        # created by previous CLI invocations are visible.
+        if self._persisted and self.unit_of_work is not None:
+            try:
+                with self.unit_of_work.transaction() as ctx:
+                    plans = ctx.lifecycle_plans.list_all()
+                # Refresh the in-memory cache with persisted plans.
+                for p in plans:
+                    pid = str(p.identity.plan_id)
+                    if pid not in self._plans:
+                        self._plans[pid] = p
+            except Exception:
+                logger.debug("DB list_all failed, falling back to in-memory cache")
+                plans = list(self._plans.values())
+        else:
+            plans = list(self._plans.values())
 
         if namespace:
             plans = [p for p in plans if p.namespaced_name.namespace == namespace]