import struct
from io import BytesIO
from typing import List, Union, Dict


def long_to_bytes(x: int) -> bytes:
    return struct.pack('q', x)


def bytes_to_long(b: bytes) -> int:
    return struct.unpack('q', b)[0]


def read_long(bis: BytesIO) -> int:
    try:
        return struct.unpack('q', bis.read(8))[0]
    except IOError:
        return 0


def object_or_list_as_string(value: Union[str, List[str]]) -> str:
    if isinstance(value, list):
        return f"[{','.join(value)}]"
    return str(value)


def map_as_string(map_: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
    return ','.join(f"{k}={object_or_list_as_string(v)}" for k, v in map_.items())


def map_with_list_as_string(map_: Dict[str, List[str]]) -> str:
    return ','.join(f"{k}={object_or_list_as_string(v)}" for k, v in map_.items())


def parse_map_string(input_str: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
    map_ = {}
    if input_str.startswith('{') and input_str.endswith('}'):
        for entry in input_str[1:-1].split(','):
            if len(entry) > 1:
                key, value = entry.split('=')
                map_[key] = value
    return map_


def csv_as_list(input_str: str) -> List[str]:
    return [item.strip() for item in input_str.strip('[]').split(',')]


def add_to_map(map_: Dict[str, List[str]], token: str) -> None:
    eq_idx = token.index('=')
    if eq_idx > 0:
        key = token[:eq_idx]
        map_[key] = csv_as_list(token[eq_idx+1:])


def parse_map_list_string(input_str: str) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
    map_ = {}
    if input_str.startswith('{') and input_str.endswith('}'):
        for token in input_str[1:-1].split('],'):
            add_to_map(map_, token)
    return map_